Paving-block



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. N0.40L492. PatentedApr.16,18s9;

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No. 401,492. PatentedApr. 16, 1889. y

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Q, M @MA %ZWW UNTTED @Tarea PATENT Trice.

GEORGE M. GRAHAH, OF CLEVELAND, OHlO.

PAVlNGeBLOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 401,492, dated April16, 1889.

Application led November 30, 1888. Serial No. 292,255. (No model.)

To all whom tm/ay con/cern:

Be it known that I, GEORGE M. GRAHAM, a resident of Cleveland, in thecounty of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, a citizen of the United States,have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in Paving-Blocks forStreets, &c.; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and complete description thereof.

My invention relates to buildingblocks or material for variousarchitectural purposes, as well as for street and sidewalk pavements;and it consists of compressed, dried, and hardened blocks of a prismaticform, which may either be used separately or in a group of smallerblocks, forming one homogeneous solid block of artificial stone.

That the invention may be fully understood, reference will be had to theannexed specilication and the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1is a face view of the artiiicial polygon block of artificial stone abovereferred to. Fig. 2'is a side elevation of the same, illustrating theside pointed out by the arrow` l. Fig. 3 is also a side elevation ofsaid block, with t-he side pointed out by the arrow 2. Fig. 4 is anelevation of the opposite side thereof, Plate l. Fig. 5 is a side viewof a solitary prismatic block having a flattened top or face side andangular bottom side. Fig. Gis a side view of Fig. 5 as seen from thearrows 3 or 4. Fig. 7 represents a top and bottom view of a block,whereof the top as well as the bottom are of angular formation, assubsequently and respectively seen in Figs. 8 and 9, Plate Like lettersof reference denote like parts in the several Views and specifications.

The material used for making the blocks above referred to may be variedfor certain purposes, but in every instance must possess more or lesstenacious, cohesive, and hardening properties, to allow, while inplastic state, of being cast, molded, and compressed in the formationsdescribed, said formation, when hardened either naturally orartificially, producing blocks of the desired compactness, durability,and strength for the purposes required.

For extended or large constructions the form as represented in Figs. l,2, 3, and 4 is adapted. For smaller constructions or ornamentations theindividual or separate blocks, as represented in Figs. 5, G, 7, 8, and9, may be used to advantage. The forms of the lastnamed blocksconstitute the combination of the first-mentioned polygon blocks-thatis, the face and sides thereof resemble in their form a combination ofblocks of a prismatic external form similar to that of the individualblocks.

It is the especial form of the individual block and the application ofmultiple blocks or combinations shown in Plate l which constitutes theessential part of my invention.

The face or top side, A, of the block is fiat, as seen in Figs. 5 and G,the edges thereof being slightly beveled, as indicated at a. It ishexagonal or six-sided, forming faces B. The bottom is determined bybevels from all sides, breaking joints in a central line, two oppositebevelsbeing equal in size to any of the sides of the block, as seen atC, thus meeting under an angle equal to that of the sides, which isabout one hundred and twenty degrees.

The bevels D, or planes from B to C, are necessarily triangular, as seenin the figures. Thus the block as represented in Figs. 5 and 6 comprisesthe hexagonal face A, with the beveled edges d, the siX square sides, B,two square bevels, C, equal in size to said sides, and four triangularbevels, D. For structures requiring more than one layer of the blocksabove described, the underlaying blocks are constructed as representedin Figs. '7, 8, and 9, from which it can be seen that both ends arebeveled, which bevels conform to the beveled bottom shown in Figs. 5 and6.

lt is not designed, ordinarily, that the blocks are to be usedindividually, as shown in Plate Q, but in a manner as shown in Figs. l,2, 3,

and 4, which representa combined form or multiple of the blocks, Figs.5, 6, 7, 8, and 9- that is, they form a combination of separatehexagonal blocks, as far as the face side thereof is concerned, whereasthe sides and bottom have angular projections and depressions between,but of uniform angles, which are formed b y combining the separateblocks into one solid block, as above described.

A structure faced with the multiple form of blocks has the appearance ofhaving been built of so many separate hexagonal blocks, whereas inreality it consists of a compara tively small number of larger blocks,comprising a firm, solid combination of small blocks.

The block as represented in Figs. l, 2, 3, and 4 comprises theequivalent of eighteen separate blocks of Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8solidified. The block-faces as grouped or combined are so arranged thatthe lower profiles thereof form a duplicate of the side opposite to thatpointed out by the arrow l (see Fig. 2) and a reverse form of the sideopposite to that indicated by the arrow 2, as seen in Figs. 3 and 4.Thus the compressed blocks, when set in close proximity to eachotherthat is, when laid for street-paving or sidewalks, dac.- leavetriangular openings or spaces at the end of each intersection, asindicated at b. Said spaces, and also the joints or seams, may be filledwith asphalt or liquid cement to effect a solid and firm constructionwith the said blocks.

The advantages in this application of articial-stone blocks thusconstructed are mani fold, viz: The joints of contaction with theseblocks are in every direction supported and braced by the solid form ofthe adjoining block, owing to the prismoid or angular extensions anddepressions interposed one with the other, which strengthens thestructure and allows the saving of material .in comparision to stoneheretofore employed. It also facilitates the laying of the streets andlessens the amount of binding' or cementing material used instreet-paving. Furthermore, artificial stone of this description gives aunique iinished appearance to the structu re,in so far th at the groovesa', which resemble the beveled edges and seams of the separate unitedblocks, have the appearance of being a continuation of said bevels andseams, or vice versa. The

actual seams, with little care,-can be made to other draft-animals fromslipping, as the calks of the shoes will catch in the seams, while saidseams are not of sufficient size to admit of the calks being heldtherein more than to prevent slipping on the roadway.

The Vsaid blocks are made of a suitable mineral cement firstsufficiently reduced to a moist or damp condition, so that whensubmitted to the power of a hydraulic press in molds conforming to theconfiguration of the block the cement, when dry, will form a compact,tenacious, and indurated stone of the form and for the purpose hereindescribed.

Vhat l claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. As a new article of building material, blocks of artificial stonewith two opposite sides analogously formed and the other two inversely,the horizontal and vertical profiles of said sides having extensions anddepressions of hexagonal 'prismoids, the face side thereof being groovedto resemble said prismoids, substantially as shown, and for the purposedescribed.

2. An artiiicial-stone block consisting of a prismoid having six squarevertical sides, a flat face with broken edges, and an under side beveledto an edge of opposite corners, substantially as shown,and for thepurpose described.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

GEORGE M. GRAHAM.

Witnesses:

W. H. BURRIDGE, B. F. EIBLER.

